Product Name: 2-Methoxy-1-Propanol
Chemical Formula: C4H10O2
Synonyms: Propylene glycol methyl ether, PGME, 1-Methoxy-2-propanol
CAS Number: 107-98-2
Recommended Uses: Solvent used in inks, paints, coatings, cleaning agents
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GHS Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 3), Eye irritation (Category 2A), Specific Target Organ Toxicity—Single Exposure (Category 3)
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Flammable liquid and vapor. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause drowsiness or dizziness.
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, hot surfaces. Avoid breathing mist, vapors, spray. Wear protective gloves, eye, and face protection. Use explosion-proof equipment. Wash thoroughly after handling.
Pictograms: Flame, Exclamation mark
Potential Health Effects: Breathing high vapor content can affect the central nervous system. Skin or eye contact causes irritation. Swallowing leads to gastrointestinal distress. Vapor exposure may cause headaches or nausea.
Environmental Hazards: See ecological information below—low acute hazard to aquatic life but large releases can impact water sources.
Chemical Identity: 2-Methoxy-1-Propanol
Concentration: Typically 99–100%
Impurities: Trace levels of water, methanol, and other related ethers (usually less than 0.1%)
CAS Number: 107-98-2
EC Number: 203-539-1
Inhalation: Bring person outside to fresh air. Give oxygen if breathing is difficult. Call physician if symptoms persist.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothes. Wash skin with running water and mild soap. Seek medical attention if irritation continues.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if easy. Continue rinsing until irritation stops. Get medical advice if discomfort continues.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth. Give water if the person is conscious. Contact poison control or a doctor quickly. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious individual.
Notes to Physician: Treat by observation and support. Symptoms may be delayed. Advise monitoring of respiratory, central nervous system, and kidney or liver function as needed.
Extinguishing Media: Use alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, or carbon dioxide. Water spray may cool containers, but may not extinguish fire.
Fire Hazards: Vapors spread along ground. Flashback potential along vapor trail if ignited. Containers may explode in heat or fire.
Special Firefighting Procedures: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full body protective gear. Evacuate area. Apply water from a safe distance to cool adjacent containers and prevent pressure buildup.
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and possible irritating organic fumes.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel. Avoid breathing mist or vapors. Use proper personal protection—chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, respirator if in confined area. Keep away sources of ignition.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains, watercourses, soil. Alert local authorities if major quantities escape.
Cleanup Procedures: Ventilate area. Cover with non-combustible absorbent such as sand, earth, or vermiculite, and place in closed containers for disposal. Clean residue with water or detergent solution. Wash contaminated area thoroughly.
Handling: Use in well-ventilated areas. Keep away from sparks, open flames, areas of heat. Avoid contact with eyes or skin. Never breathe vapors directly. Ground all equipment. No smoking in use area. Careful with static discharges.
Storage: Keep in tightly closed containers in cool, dry, and well-ventilated spaces. Store away from direct sunlight, sources of ignition, strong acids, oxidizers. Keep separated from food and beverages. Label all storage containers clearly. Protect from physical damage.
Exposure Limits: ACGIH TLV: 50 ppm (TWA), 100 ppm (STEL)
Engineering Controls: Use process enclosures or local exhaust ventilation to maintain airborne levels below recommended limits. Equip workstations with eyewash stations and safety showers.
Personal Protective Equipment:
• Eye/Face Protection: Chemical safety goggles or face shield
• Skin Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene preferred), coveralls, long sleeves
• Respiratory Protection: If ventilation is insufficient, use an approved organic vapor/air-purifying respirator
Environmental Controls: Do not allow the material to enter drains or water systems. Put in place containment and spill-response systems where large quantities are handled.
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Mild ether-like odor
Odor Threshold: Around 10 ppm
pH: Not applicable (neat liquid)
Melting Point: -96°C
Boiling Point: 120°C
Flash Point: 31–33°C (closed cup)
Evaporation Rate: 0.33 (n-butyl acetate = 1)
Flammability: Flammable liquid
Explosive Limits: Lower: 1.5%, Upper: 13.1% (by volume in air)
Vapor Pressure: 10 mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density: 3.1 (air = 1)
Relative Density: 0.92 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Miscible with water and most organic solvents
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): -0.437 (log Pow)
Autoignition Temperature: 287°C
Decomposition Temperature: Data not available
Viscosity: 1.7 mPa·s at 20°C
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal temperature and pressure during storage and handling.
Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Can react with strong oxidizing agents causing fire or explosion risk.
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, strong oxidizers, alkanesulfonyl halides, and isocyanates.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde in fire or extreme heat.
Conditions to Avoid: Sources of ignition, prolonged heat, moisture, static electricity.
Likely Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin, eye contact, ingestion.
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 4,016 mg/kg, Dermal LD50 (rabbit): >2,000 mg/kg, Inhalation LC50 (rat, 6h): 6,000 ppm.
Symptoms: Exposure produces irritation of eyes and respiratory system, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, nausea with high vapor concentrations.
Chronic Exposure: Repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. No evidence of mutagenicity or carcinogenicity in available studies.
Target Organs: Central nervous system, respiratory tract, skin, eyes.
Additional Info: Not listed by IARC, NTP, or OSHA as carcinogen. No reproductive toxicity reported at occupational exposure levels.
Ecotoxicity: Aquatic toxicity low at typical discharges. Fish LC50 (96 h): ~6,000 mg/L (Pimephales promelas, fathead minnow); Daphnia EC50 (48 h): ~7,500 mg/L.
Persistence and Degradability: Biodegradable. Expected to degrade rapidly in the environment.
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low (Log Pow <1); unlikely to build up in organisms.
Mobility in Soil: Readily absorbed; highly mobile, may leach through soil to groundwater.
Other Adverse Effects: Large accidental spills may lower oxygen content in water bodies by chemical oxygen demand (COD).
Disposal Methods: Dispose as hazardous waste per local, regional, or national regulations. Incineration preferred, equipped with afterburner and scrubber to destroy organic matter.
Contaminated Packaging: Empty containers may hold residues and vapors. Triple rinse containers then puncture before landfill or recycling. Do not reuse containers.
Precautions: Wear correct protective gear during disposal operations. Never release into sewers or open waterways.
UN Number: 3092
Shipping Name: 2-Methoxy-1-Propanol
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (flammable liquids)
Packing Group: III
Labels: Flammable Liquid
Special Precautions: Keep all transport containers upright and secure. Do not transport with incompatible substances (oxidizers, acids). Respond to leaks/spills using supplied emergency tools and PPE.
Regulatory Transportation Information: Proper shipping description and documentation needed for all major modes (road, rail, air, sea). Carry emergency instructions and spill kits.
OSHA Status: Listed as hazardous under OSHA Hazard Communication Standard.
DSL/NDSL: Included in the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL).
TSCA: Listed on the US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory.
EU Classification: Listed under REACH; requires safety data sheet for handling and transport.
SARA Title III: Not subject to Section 313 reporting; subject to Section 311/312 (Acute Health, Fire Hazard).
California Proposition 65: Not listed as a known carcinogen or reproductive toxin.
WHMIS Classification (Canada): Class B2 (Flammable liquid), D2B (Toxic)
Other National Inventories: Check with local or national regulations for additional control or restrictions.
